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Dual Active Ingredient Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (Dual AI LLIN)

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#IRM #IVM #LLIN #Malaria

Due to an increase in insecticide resistance, it is more important than ever that we focus our efforts on developing malaria control tools that will have proven public health value and that will preserve existing tools against the threat of resistance.

One Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategy is to combine 2 or more insecticides with different modes of action in one Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN), this way the mosquito is likely to be killed by contact with the second insecticide if it survives contact with the first insecticide. To this end, IVCC is investing in the development of Dual Active Ingredient (Dual AI) combinations for insecticidal treated nets.

Technical Details

In order to move away from pyrethroid only nets, and manage the threat of insecticide resistance, IVCC is working with leading agrochemical companies in developing novel insecticides for use in vector control. These insecticides also become mixture pair candidates for use in LLIN products. Potential Dual Active Ingredient Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (Dual AI LLIN) products could be:

  • Pyrethroid + PBO (e.g. Olyset Plus and Permanent 3.0)
  • Pyrethroid + Repurposed Chemistry (e.g. Interceptor® G2 and Royal Guard)
  • Pyrethroid + novel Active Ingredients (AIs)
  • Novel AI + Repurposed Chemistry
  • Novel AI + novel AI

Development of Nets

Although using only active ingredients with no resistance risk would be ideal for Dual AI LLINs, we currently face a challenge around the cost of these products in the market, compared to pyrethroids only products. A non-pyrethroid Dual AI LLIN, where both insecticides are at the fully effective dose, is currently much more expensive to manufacture and therefore may not be sustainable in the market. In order to overcome the pricing challenges posed by novel AIs, whilst still developing an efficacious and non-inferior LLIN, insecticidal treated net manufacturers will need to consider different net design options.

Options for net designs could be:

  • Reduce the amount of insecticide required for a net to be efficacious e.g. changes to fibre design by using coaxial extrusion to apply the AI to the exterior of the fibre only while maintaining robust wash resistance.
  • Weaving design innovation where the AI is applied only to every second thread.
  • Partial treatment of the net (e.g. roof only with novel AI). Research indicates >85% of mosquito activity occurs on the net roof; therefore, it may not be cost effective to apply AI to the whole net.

Mixtures Project

The mixtures project was initiated at the end of 2018 with the purpose of evaluating the most promising repurposed and novel chemistries.

Prior to the mixtures project, IVCC has completed screening of repurposed agricultural insecticides and assessed their potential for vector control product development. Following the screening cascade, successful chemistries became mixture-pair candidates.

In parallel, IVCC has been working with leading agrochemical companies in developing their novel chemistries for use in vector control, which have also become mixture-pair candidates.

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#IRM #IVM #LLIN #Malaria #NNP

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